The City of Bristol's Garden Wine Gardens: Foot-Stomping Grapes in City Spaces
Every quarter of an hour or so, an older diesel-powered railway carriage arrives at a graffiti-covered station. Nearby, a law enforcement alarm pierces the almost continuous traffic drone. Daily travelers rush by collapsing, ivy-covered fencing panels as storm clouds gather.
It is perhaps the least likely spot you expect to find a well-established vineyard. But one local grower has cultivated four dozen established plants heavy with plump purplish grapes on a sprawling garden plot situated between a row of 1930s houses and a commuter railway just above the city downtown.
"I've noticed people hiding illegal substances or whatever in the shrubbery," states the grower. "Yet you simply continue ... and keep tending to your vines."
Bayliss-Smith, forty-six, a documentary cameraman who also has a kombucha drinks business, is not the only local vintner. He has organized a informal group of growers who make wine from four discreet city grape gardens tucked away in back gardens and allotments across Bristol. It is sufficiently underground to have an formal title so far, but the collective's WhatsApp group is named Grape Expectations.
Urban Wine Gardens Across the Globe
To date, the grower's plot is the sole location listed in the Urban Vineyards Association's upcoming world atlas, which features better-known urban wineries such as the eighteen hundred plants on the hillsides of the French capital's historic artistic district area and over 3,000 grapevines overlooking and within the Italian city. Based in Italy non-profit association is at the forefront of a movement reviving city vineyards in traditional winemaking nations, but has identified them throughout the globe, including urban centers in Japan, Bangladesh and Uzbekistan.
"Grape gardens help urban areas stay greener and more diverse. They preserve land from development by creating permanent, productive agricultural units within cities," says the association's president.
Like all wines, those produced in urban areas are a result of the soils the vines grow in, the vagaries of the weather and the people who tend the grapes. "A bottle of wine represents the beauty, local spirit, environment and heritage of a city," notes the spokesperson.
Mystery Polish Variety
Back in the city, Bayliss-Smith is in a race against time to gather the grapevines he cultivated from a cutting abandoned in his garden by a Polish family. If the precipitation comes, then the birds may take advantage to attack again. "Here we have the enigmatic Eastern European variety," he says, as he cleans damaged and rotten grapes from the glistering clusters. "We don't really know their exact classification, but they are certainly hardy. Unlike noble varieties – Burgundy grapes, Chardonnay and other famous European varieties – you don't have to spray them with pesticides ... this is possibly a special variety that was developed by the Soviets."
Group Efforts Throughout the City
Additional participants of the group are also making the most of sunny interludes between bursts of autumn rain. On the terrace with views of the city's glistening harbour, where medieval merchant vessels once bobbed with barrels of vintage from Europe and the Iberian peninsula, one cultivator is harvesting her dark berries from about 50 vines. "I adore the smell of these vines. The scent is so evocative," she remarks, stopping with a basket of fruit slung over her arm. "It recalls the fragrance of Provence when you open the car windows on holiday."
Grant, fifty-two, who has devoted more than two decades working for charitable groups in war-torn regions, inadvertently took over the grape garden when she returned to the United Kingdom from Kenya with her household in 2018. She experienced an overwhelming duty to look after the grapevines in the garden of their recently acquired property. "This plot has previously endured three different owners," she says. "I deeply appreciate the concept of natural stewardship – of handing this down to someone else so they continue producing from the soil."
Sloping Vineyards and Natural Production
Nearby, the final two members of the group are busily laboring on the precipitous slopes of Avon Gorge. One filmmaker has established over 150 vines perched on terraces in her expansive property, which descends towards the silty River Avon. "Visitors frequently express amazement," she says, indicating the tangled grape garden. "They can't believe they can see grapevine lines in a urban neighborhood."
Currently, the filmmaker, 60, is harvesting bunches of dusty purple Rondo grapes from lines of vines arranged along the cliff-side with the help of her daughter, her family member. The conservationist, a documentary producer who has worked on Netflix's Great National Parks series and BBC Two's gardening shows, was motivated to cultivate vines after observing her neighbour's vines. She's discovered that hobbyists can produce interesting, pleasurable natural wine, which can sell for upwards of £7 a serving in the increasing quantity of establishments specialising in minimal-intervention vintages. "It is incredibly satisfying that you can truly make quality, natural wine," she states. "It's very fashionable, but really it's reviving an old way of making vintage."
"During foot-stomping the grapes, all the natural microorganisms come off the skins and enter the liquid," explains Scofield, partially submerged in a container of tiny stems, seeds and crimson juice. "That's how vintages were historically produced, but commercial producers introduce preservatives to eliminate the natural cultures and subsequently incorporate a commercially produced yeast."
Challenging Environments and Inventive Approaches
In the immediate vicinity active senior another cultivator, who motivated Scofield to establish her grapevines, has gathered his companions to harvest white wine varieties from one hundred plants he has laid out neatly across two terraces. The former teacher, a northern English physical education instructor who worked at the local university cultivated an interest in viticulture on annual sporting trips to France. But it is a challenge to cultivate this particular variety in the dampness of the gorge, with cooling tides sweeping in and out from the Bristol Channel. "I aimed to produce French-style vintages here, which is somewhat ambitious," admits Reeve with a smile. "This variety is slow-maturing and particularly vulnerable to fungal infections."
"I wanted to make Burgundian wines here, which is a bit bonkers"
The unpredictable Bristol climate is not the sole problem faced by winegrowers. Reeve has been compelled to erect a fence on